Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum) is a highly nutritious seed often grouped with cereal grains due to its similar uses, though botanically it is a pseudocereal. Unlike true cereals such as wheat, rice, and maize that belong to the g...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a highly nutritious seed that is often grouped with cereal grains because of its similar culinary uses, though botanically it is a pseudocereal. Unlike true cereals such as wheat, rice, and maize, which belong to the grass f...

Rye (Secale cereale) is a cereal grain that belongs to the grass family Poaceae. While it is less widely grown and consumed than wheat, rice, or maize, rye has played an important role in human history, particularly in Europe, where it was once a staple c...

Oats are one of the most popular cereal grains in the world, renowned for their nutritional richness, versatility, and health-promoting properties. Unlike wheat, rice, or maize, oats are not traditionally a global staple food, but they have carved out a u...

Millet is one of the world’s oldest cultivated grains, cherished for its resilience, versatility, and nutritional richness. Although less well-known in Western diets compared to rice, wheat, or maize, millet has been a staple food in Africa and Asia for t...

Sorghum is one of the world’s most important cereal grains, ranking just behind wheat, rice, maize, and barley in terms of global production. It is a versatile, drought-tolerant crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years, particularly in Africa...

Barley is one of the oldest cultivated cereal grains, known for its resilience, versatility, and nutritional value. While it may not be as globally dominant as rice, maize, or wheat, barley has played a critical role in human history. It has been used for...

Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated and consumed cereal grains. Alongside rice and maize, it forms the “big three” crops that feed billions of people across the globe. From bread and pasta to pastries and noodles, wheat is at the heart of m...

Maize, commonly known as corn, is one of the most important cereal grains in the world. It is a staple crop that provides food, feed, and industrial raw materials across continents. From the tortillas of Mexico to the cornmeal of Africa and the popcorn of...

Rice is one of the world’s most important cereal grains, serving as a staple food for more than half of the global population. From Asia to Africa, from Latin America to the Middle East, rice provides the daily caloric foundation for billions of people. I...

Shrimp are among the most valuable seafood commodities in the world, with farming of species such as the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) dominating global aquaculture. Together, they account for...

The common carp is one of the oldest and most widely farmed freshwater fish in the world. Native to Europe and Asia, it has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years, making it one of humanity’s earliest aquaculture species. Today, common carp play an ess...

The rainbow trout is one of the most widely farmed and recognized freshwater fish in the world. Native to the cold, clear rivers and lakes of North America, this species has been introduced across the globe for aquaculture, sport fishing, and conservation...

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the most iconic and economically important fish in the world. Known for its rich, flavorful flesh and high nutritional value, it is often called the “king of fish.” While wild Atlantic salmon once thrived in the...

Catfish are among the most popular and widely farmed freshwater fish in the world. With over 3,000 species spread across different continents, they play an essential role in aquaculture, commercial fisheries, and food security. Two species dominate global...